Was isolated from Andre Geim of the University of Manchester, assuming that the thickness of a graphene (graphene) is a kind of carbon atoms in a monolayer lamellar structure of new material. It is made of carbon atoms with SP2 hybrid orbital hexagonal honeycomb lattice plane film, only a carbon atom of two-dimensional materials. Graphene has been considered to be the structure alone can not exist stably until 2004, the British physicist Andre Geim and Novoselov (Konstantin Novoselov), the success of the graphite in graphene, and confirmed that it can exist alone, two people also because "in a two-dimensional graphene material groundbreaking experiment", jointly awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics.

Graphene is known to the world's thinnest, hardest nanomaterials, it is almost completely transparent, only 2.3% of the light absorption; high thermal conductivity of 5300 W/m / K, higher than that of carbon nanotubes and diamond, the rate of more than 15000 cm2/V s the electronic migration at room temperature, and ratio of carbon nanotubes or silicon crystals high resistivity and only about 10-8. M, lower than copper or silver, as the world's smallest resistivity material. Because of its low resistivity, electron transport fast, so it is used to look forward to the development of thinner, faster next-generation conductive electronic components or transistors. The graphene is essentially a transparent, good conductor, is also suitable for the manufacture of transparent touch screen, light, or even a solar cell.

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